Melbourne Asia Review is a research-based publication of the Asia Institute, University of Melbourne.
Despite the importance of submarine cables to global supply chains and economy, this critical infrastructure is vulnerable to attacks and damage.
Unless governments across the Asia Pacific make decisions about the fuels for the ships they depend on they are likely to be disadvantaged.
Survival without shipping is not possible for societies dependent on imports for essential commodities.
There are several problematic trends which may give pirates, terrorists and other criminals the opportunity needed to re-emerge as a threat.
There are many economic challenges to shipping supply chains, including decarbonisation and geopolitics.
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